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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 85(6): 632-635, Nov.-Dec. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403457

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Monkeypox disease is a viral zoonosis with symptoms similar to those seen in the past in smallpox (variola), although clinically less severe. Following the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and the subsequent cessation of smallpox vaccination, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus from a public health standpoint. Monkeypox virus occurs primarily in central and western Africa, often in tropical forests, and has increasingly manifested in urban areas. Animal hosts include various rodents and nonhuman primates. We report the case of a patient with monkeypox disease who developed ocular complaints (eye discomfort and conjunctivitis) and had detectable conjunctival lesions on biomicroscopy and fluorescein testing. Its ophthalmological manifestations are still poorly known.


RESUMO Varíola do Macaco é uma zoonose viral com sintomas semelhantes aos observados no passado em pacientes com Varíola, embora seja clinicamente menos grave. Com a erradicação da varíola em 1980 e a subsequente cessação da vacinação contra a varíola, a varíola dos macacos emergiu como o ortopoxvírus mais importante em saúde pública. O vírus monkeypox ocorre principalmente na África central e ocidental, muitas vezes nas proximidades de florestas tropicais, e tem se manifestado cada vez mais em áreas urbanas. Os hospedeiros animais incluem uma variedade de roedores e primatas não humanos. O presente estudo relata o caso de um paciente com Monkeypox que evoluiu com queixa oftalmológica de desconforto ocular e conjuntivite e, à biomicroscopia e teste da fluoresceína, detecção de lesões conjuntivais. Alterações oftalmológicas da doença são, ainda, pouco conhecidas.

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 20: eAO6175, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364792

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the first COVID-19 pandemic at Casa Ondina Lobo, a philanthropic nursing home in São Paulo city, and the containment measures against the pandemic that proved to be effective. Methods: Several preventive measures were taken before and during the pandemic, with emphasis on universal testing by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19. All residents and employees were tested twice in a D9 period. Results: Among the 62 residents and 55 employees, in both testing, eight residents and nine employees tested positive for COVID-19. Of 22% of employees and 75% of residents evolved asymptomatic, emphasizing the importance of universal testing for the detection and isolation of these cases. A quarter of residents evolved without any symptoms, however, with COVID-19 signs, reinforcing the importance of monitoring vital signs. The second testing did not detect any new cases among residents, demonstrating the effectiveness of the containment measures, however, it found four new cases among employees. This emphasized their role in COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes. Only one patient died, a 12.5% lethality among those known to be infected and a 1.6% mortality in the total population of residents were seen. Conclusion: The adoption of appropriate containment measures enabled to contain an COVID-19 pandemic in studied nursing home. Universal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for COVID-19 has proved to be particularly important and effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19 Testing , Nursing Homes
3.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 78: 1-9, dez. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1147458

ABSTRACT

A poliomielite é uma doença endêmica no Afeganistão e no Paquistão, apesar dos esforços para ser erradicada, representando uma ameaça para outros países principalmente devido às viagens internacionais. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem como objetivo erradicar a poliomielite causada pelo poliovírus selvagem no mundo. O requisito essencial para a erradicação da poliomielite é a eliminação da cepa do poliovírus selvagem, que é empregada no teste padrão-ouro. Com o intuito de auxiliar na erradicação do poliovírus selvagem, o objetivo deste estudo foi modificar o teste padrão-ouro usando o poliovírus derivado da vacina oral atenuada. Foram testados 63 soros pelo ensaio de neutralização utilizando-se antígenos vacinais. A concordância do sorotipo 1 (k=0,74) foi considerada substancial, enquanto o sorotipo 2 (k=1,00) e sorotipo 3 (k= 0,95) foram consideradas quase perfeitas. A sensibilidade dos testes de soroneutralização utilizando os sorotipos 1, 2 e 3 foi de 94,83%, 100,00% e 100,00%, respectivamente. Em conclusão, o ensaio com antígenos vacinais pode ser usado como procedimento laboratorial seguro, especialmente em estudos de vigilância em larga escala. (AU)


Poliomyelitis is an endemic disease in Afghanistan and Pakistan in despite of the efforts to eradicate it, and it represents a threat to other countries mainly due to the international trips. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims at eradicating the polio disease worldwide. An essential requirement for eradicating the poliomyelitis is the elimination of the wild poliovirus strain, which is employed in the gold standard test. As a support for the eradication of wild poliovirus, the present study aimed at modifying the gold standard test by using poliovirus derived from the oral attenuated vaccine. Sixty-three sera samples were tested by neutralization assay using vaccine antigens. The degree of agreement of the serotype 1 (k=0.74) was considered substantial, while the serotype 2 (k=1.00) and 3 (k= 0.95) showed almost perfect agreement. The sensitivity of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 was 94.83%, 100.00% and 100.00%, respectively. In conclusion, the assay with the vaccine antigens can be used as a safe application, especially for large-scale surveillance studies. (AU)


Subject(s)
Poliomyelitis , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Poliovirus , Antibodies, Viral
4.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 78: e1768, dez. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489594

ABSTRACT

A poliomielite é uma doença endêmica no Afeganistão e no Paquistão, apesar dos esforços para ser erradicada, representando uma ameaça para outros países principalmente devido às viagens internacionais. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem como objetivo erradicar a poliomielite causada pelo poliovírus selvagem no mundo. O requisito essencial para a erradicação da poliomielite é a eliminação da cepa do poliovírus selvagem, que é empregada no teste padrão-ouro. Com o intuito de auxiliar na erradicação do poliovírus selvagem, o objetivo deste estudo foi modificar o teste padrão-ouro usando o poliovírus derivado da vacina oral atenuada. Foram testados 63 soros pelo ensaio de neutralização utilizando-se antígenos vacinais. A concordância do sorotipo 1 (k=0,74) foi considerada substancial, enquanto o sorotipo 2 (k=1,00) e sorotipo 3 (k= 0,95) foram consideradas quase perfeitas. A sensibilidade dos testes de soroneutralização utilizando os sorotipos 1, 2 e 3 foi de 94,83%, 100,00% e 100,00%, respectivamente. Em conclusão, o ensaio com antígenos vacinais pode ser usado como procedimento laboratorial seguro, especialmente em estudos de vigilância em larga escala.


Poliomyelitis is an endemic disease in Afghanistan and Pakistan in despite of the efforts to eradicate it, and it represents a threat to other countries mainly due to the international trips. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims at eradicating the polio disease worldwide. An essential requirement for eradicating the poliomyelitis is the elimination of the wild poliovirus strain, which is employed in the gold standard test. As a support for the eradication of wild poliovirus, the present study aimed at modifying the gold standard test by using poliovirus derived from the oral attenuated vaccine. Sixty-three sera samples were tested by neutralization assay using vaccine antigens. The degree of agreement of the serotype 1 (k=0.74) was considered substantial, while the serotype 2 (k=1.00) and 3 (k= 0.95) showed almost perfect agreement. The sensitivity of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 was 94.83%, 100.00% and 100.00%, respectively. In conclusion, the assay with the vaccine antigens can be used as a safe application, especially for large-scale surveillance studies.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Poliomyelitis/diagnosis , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Poliovirus/isolation & purification , Poliovirus Vaccines , Reference Standards
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(2): 373-379, April.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839368

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hepatitis E virus is responsible for acute and chronic liver infections worldwide. Swine hepatitis E virus has been isolated in Brazil, and a probable zoonotic transmission has been described, although data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs from a small-scale farm in the rural area of Paraná State, South Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 170 pigs and screened for hepatitis E virus RNA using a duplex real-time RT-PCR targeting a highly conserved 70 nt long sequence within overlapping parts of ORF2 and ORF3 as well as a 113 nt sequence of ORF2. Positive samples with high viral loads were subjected to direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in 34 (20.0%) of the 170 pigs following positive results in at least one set of screening real-time RT-PCR primers and probes. The swine hepatitis E virus strains clustered with the genotype hepatitis E virus-3b reference sequences in the phylogenetic analysis and showed close similarity to human hepatitis E virus isolates previously reported in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis E virus/classification , Hepatitis E/veterinary , Phylogeny , Swine , Swine Diseases/virology , Brazil , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/genetics , Cluster Analysis , Prevalence , Hepatitis E virus/genetics , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Hepatitis E/virology , Sequence Homology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Feces/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(2): 84-87, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838786

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Bacterial keratitis occurs worldwide, and despite recent developments, it remains a potentially blinding condition. This study assesses the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and -2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in corneal scrapings from patients with bacterial keratitis. Methods: A total of 65 patients with clinical diagnoses of infectious corneal ulcers prospectively underwent clinical eye examinations. Corneal scrapings were investigated by Gram staining, Giemsa staining, culture, and qPCR (the study group). Risk factors and epidemiological data were recorded. The control group comprising 25 eyes with typical herpes dendritic keratitis was also analyzed by qPCR. Results: From the study group (n=65), nine patients (13.8%) had negative smears, cultures, and qPCR findings. Fifty-six (86.2%) patients had positive cultures: 51 for bacteria, 4 for fungi, and 1 for amoebae. Of the patients who had positive bacterial cultures, qPCR identified 10 patients who were also positive for virus: one for VZV and nine for HSV-1. Of the 25 patients in the control group, 21 tested positive for HSV-1 by qPCR analysis. Conclusions: Herpes may be present in patients with bacterial corneal ulcers, and qPCR may be useful in its detection.


RESUMO Objetivo: Ceratites bacterianas ocorrem mundialmente e apesar dos novos desenvolvimentos permanece como uma condição que pode levar à cegueira. Avaliar a presença de herpes simples (-1 e -2) e vírus varicella zoster (VZV) por reação em cadeia quantitativa de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) em raspados corneanos de pacientes com ceratite bacteriana. Métodos: Sessenta e cinco pacientes com ceratite infecciosa foram submetidos a raspados corneanos estudados para gram, Giemsa, cultura e qPCR (grupo de estudo). Foram avaliados fatores de risco e epidemiológicos. O grupo controle foi composto por 25 casos de úlcera dendrítica típica por herpes analisados por qPCR. Resultados: Do grupo de estudo (n=65), nove pacientes (13,8%) apresentaram cultura, qPCR e raspado negativos. Cinquenta e seis (86,2%) pacientes apresentaram cultura positiva, 51 para bacteria, 4 para fungo e 1 para ameba. A qPCR identificou 10 pacientes do grupo de cultura positiva para bactéria que também foram positivos para vírus, um VZV e 9 para HSV-1. Dos 25 pacientes que compunham o grupo controle, 21 apresentaram qPCR positivo para HSV-1. Conclusão: Herpes pode estar presente em pacientes com úlceras de córnea bacterianas e a qPCR pode ser útil na sua detecção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Keratitis, Dendritic/microbiology , Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Cornea/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Keratitis/microbiology , DNA Probes , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Keratitis, Dendritic/diagnosis , Keratitis, Dendritic/virology , Prospective Studies , Keratitis/diagnosis , Keratitis/virology
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(7): 884-889, Nov. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764589

ABSTRACT

Although antibiotics are ineffective against viral respiratory infections, studies have shown high rates of prescriptions worldwide. We conducted a study in Brazil to determine the viral aetiologies of common colds in children and to describe the use of antibiotics for these patients. Children up to 12 years with common colds were enrolled from March 2008-February 2009 at a primary care level facility and followed by regular telephone calls and medical consultations. A nasopharyngeal wash was obtained at enrollment and studied by direct fluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction for nine different types of virus. A sample of 134 patients was obtained, median age 2.9 years (0.1-11.2 y). Respiratory viruses were detected in 73.9% (99/134) with a coinfection rate of 30.3% (30/99). Rhinovirus was the most frequent virus (53/134; 39.6%), followed by influenza (33/134; 24.6%) and respiratory syncytial virus (8/134; 13.4%). Antibiotic prescription rate was 39.6% (53/134) and 69.8% (37/53) were considered inappropriate. Patients with influenza infection received antibiotics inappropriately in a greater proportion of cases when compared to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections (p = 0.016). The rate of inappropriate use of antibiotics was very high and patients with influenza virus infection were prescribed antibiotics inappropriately in a greater proportion of cases.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Common Cold/drug therapy , Common Cold/virology , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Coinfection/virology , Health Care Surveys , Nasopharynx/virology , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(4): 468-470, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755971

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Data on hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Brazil are limited. We analyzed 15 years of HEV surveillance data in a major clinical laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil.

METHODS:

The seroprevalence of HEV of 2,271 patients subjected to anti-HEV tests from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed.

RESULTS:

HEV seroprevalence was 2.1%, and the anti-HEV IgM positivity rate was 4.9%. Six hepatitis E patients were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

HEV seroprevalence and detection rates appear to have increased in recent years. Hepatitis E should be investigated further and included in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in Brazil.

.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepatitis E virus , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis E virus/genetics , Hepatitis E virus/immunology , Hepatitis E/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Retrospective Studies , RNA, Viral/analysis , Seroepidemiologic Studies
9.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 49(2): 109-114, Apr. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678238

ABSTRACT

Cancer-causing viruses are responsible for up to 20% of cancers with infectious etiology, representing a serious public health problem worldwide. Since the discovery of the first human cancer-causing virus, several others have been associated with neoplasias. Recent advances in technologies for the determination of genomic and proteomic profiles have resulted in the discovery and availability of tumor markers with potential application in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Therefore, laboratory medicine has stood out as a fundamental tool in the prevention and management of these diseases.


Os vírus causadores de câncer são responsáveis por até 20% dos cânceres de etiologia infecciosa, representando um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Desde a descoberta do primeiro vírus causador de neoplasias em humanos, vários outros têm sido associados ao câncer. Recentes avanços nas tecnologias de determinação de perfis genômicos e proteômicos resultaram na descoberta e na disponibilização de marcadores tumorais com potencial aplicação no rastreamento, no diagnóstico, no prognóstico e no tratamento do câncer, destacando a medicina laboratorial como ferramenta fundamental na prevenção e no manejo dessas enfermidades.


Subject(s)
Laboratory Test , Biomarkers, Tumor , Oncogenic Viruses
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(6): 662-669, Sept. 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602048

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to assess the effect of GB virus (GBV)-C on the immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in chronically HIV-infected and HIV- hepatitis C virus (HCV)-co-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. A cohort of 159 HIV-seropositive patients, of whom 52 were HCV-co-infected, was included. Epidemiological data were collected and virological and immunological markers, including the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 by CD4, CD8 and Tγδ cells and the expression of the activation marker, CD38, were assessed. A total of 65 patients (40.8 percent) presented markers of GBV-C infection. The presence of GBV-C did not influence HIV and HCV replication or TCD4 and TCD8 cell counts. Immune responses, defined by IFN-γ and IL-2 production and CD38 expression did not differ among the groups. Our results suggest that neither GBV-C viremia nor the presence of E2 antibodies influence HIV and HCV viral replication or CD4 T cell counts in chronically infected patients. Furthermore, GBV-C did not influence cytokine production or CD38-driven immune activation among these patients. Although our results do not exclude a protective effect of GBV-C in early HIV disease, they demonstrate that this effect may not be present in chronically infected patients, who represent the majority of patients in outpatient clinics.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Coinfection/immunology , GB virus C/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , /metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cohort Studies , Coinfection/virology , HIV Infections/virology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis , /biosynthesis , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 18-21, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-579824

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. Rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50 percent of respiratory tract infections worldwide. The study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Forty-nine nasal swabs collected from 47 elderly individuals following inclusion visits from 2002 to 2003 were tested by GenScan RT-PCR. HRV-positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: No sample was positive for influenza A/B or RSV. HRV was detected in 28.6 percent (14/47) and hMPV in 2 percent (1/47). Of 14 positive samples, 9 isolates were successfully sequenced, showing the follow group distribution: 6 group A, 1 group B and 2 group C HRVs. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of HRV during the months of the influenza season requires further study regarding HRV infection impact on respiratory complications among this population. Infection caused by HRV is very frequent and may contribute to increasing the already high demand for healthcare during the influenza season.


INTRODUÇÃO: Infecções agudas do trato respiratório estão entre as doenças mais comuns em todas as pessoas. Os rinovírus têm sido descritos como agente etiológico de mais de 50 por cento das infecções do trato respiratório ao redor do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de rinovírus humano (HRV), influenza vírus A e B, vírus respiratório sincicial humano e metapneumovírus (hMPV) em uma população de idosos que apresentava sintomas de gripe ou resfriado, e que residiam na Cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados swabs nasais de 47 idosos após visitas de inclusão, entre os anos de 2002 e 2003 e que foram testadas através de GeneScan RT-PCR. RESULTADOS: HRV foi detectado em 28.6 por cento (14/47) e hMPV em 2 por cento (1/47). De 14 amostras positivas para HRV, 9 foram sequenciadas, mostrando a seguinte distribuição de grupos: grupo A: 6 amostras, grupo B: 1 amostra e grupo C: 2 amostras. CONCLUSÕES: A alta incidência de HRV durante os meses de ocorrência de gripe necessita de estudos posteriores para avaliar o impacto desse vírus entre os idosos. A alta frequência de HRV pode contribuir para o aumento da demanda por serviços de saúde durante a estação de influenza.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Metapneumovirus/genetics , Orthomyxoviridae/genetics , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Rhinovirus/genetics , Acute Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Phylogeny , Prospective Studies , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Seasons
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(5): 591-593, Sept.-Oct. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532520

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GB virus C on laboratory markers and histological parameters among HIV-seropositive patients coinfected with HCV. Lower degrees of hepatic lesions were observed in the triple-infected patients, in comparison with HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were negative for GBV-C RNA.


O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da infecção pelo vírus GB-C em marcadores laboratoriais e parâmetros histológicos em pacientes HIV soropositivos coinfectados com VHC. Menor grau de lesão hepática foi observado nos pacientes com tripla infecção em comparação aos pacientes coinfectados com VIH-VHC negativos para GBV-C RNA.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Flaviviridae Infections/complications , GB virus C , HIV Infections/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Disease Progression , Flaviviridae Infections/pathology , Flaviviridae Infections/virology , Genotype , HIV Infections/pathology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/enzymology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology , Prospective Studies , RNA, Viral/analysis , Severity of Illness Index , Viral Load , Young Adult , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
13.
In. Focaccia, Roberto. Tratado de hepatites virais. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2002. p.215-219, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-334823

Subject(s)
RNA , Hepacivirus
14.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 42(4): 197-200, July-Aug. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-266052

ABSTRACT

The possibility of detecting acute infection and immunity using body fluids that are easier to collect than blood, mainly in children, would facilitate the investigation and follow-up of outbreaks of hepatitis A (HAV). Our study was carried out to evaluate the detection of anti-HAV IgM, IgA and total antibodies in saliva using serum samples as reference. Forty three paired serum and saliva samples were analyzed. From this total, 24 samples were obtained from children and 1 from one adult during the course of acute hepatitis A; an additional 18 samples were obtained from health professionals from Adolfo Lutz Institute. The sensitivity to detect anti-HAV IgM was 100 per cent (95 per cent CI: 79.1 to 100.0 per cent), employing saliva as clinical samples. In detecting anti-HAV IgA, the sensitivity was 80.8 per cent (95 per cent CI: 60.0 to 92.7 per cent) and for the total antibodies was 82.1 per cent (95 per cent CI: 62.4 to 93.2 per cent). The specificity was 100 per cent for each. The rate of agreement was high comparing the results of serum and saliva samples for detecting HAV antibodies. We conclude that saliva is an acceptable alternative specimen for diagnosing acute hepatitis A infection, and for screening individuals to receive hepatitis A vaccine or immunoglobulin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Hepatitis Antibodies/isolation & purification , Hepatitis A/immunology , Saliva/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis A/diagnosis , Hepatitis A/prevention & control , Immunoglobulin A/isolation & purification , Immunoglobulin M/isolation & purification , Saliva/virology , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 31(5): 328-35, set.-out. 1989. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-102043

ABSTRACT

A detecçäo do genoma do HBV no soro por hibridizaçäo molecular é o mais sensível e específico marcador da replicaçäo e infectividade do HBV, sendo sua utilizaçäo proposta como técnica rotineira no acompanhamento de doenças relacionadas a este vírus. Comparando diferentes técnicas descritas, anteriormente, escolhemos a deposiçäo direta das amostras séricas sobre a membrana de nitrocelulose sob filtraçäo a vácuo, seguida de banhos desnaturantes e neutralisantes como mais prática e simples, com sensibilidade equivalente. O ensaio da DNA polimerase usando ácido fosfonofórmico como inibidor viral específico mostrou 86.8% de concordância com a detecçäo direta do DNA viral, sendo, portanto, uma alternativa viável no acompanhamento de pacientes com hepatite crônica B. Encontramos 19,2% das amostras AgHBe positivos sem outros marcadores de replicaçäo viral. Por outro lado, nenhuma amostra anti-HBe positiva teve HBV-DNA detectável. discordância entre dois sistemas foi extensamente descrita, e confirmamos pela primeira vez este fato em pacientes com hepatite crônica B em nosso país. Técnicas de biologia molecular säo, portanto, fundamentais na determinaçäo da replicaçäo viral em cada paciente


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Viral/blood , Genes, Viral , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis , DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/blood , Hepatitis B virus/physiology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Virus Replication
17.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 44(5): 193-6, set.-out. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-89048

ABSTRACT

A escassez de dados na literatura nacional sobre a hepatite crônica B (HCB), reponsável por mais de 50% de todas as hepatites crônicas (HC) justificou este estudo retrospectivo, de 164 pacientes atendidos entre 1968 e 1988. Foi detectada sua grande freqüencia no sexo masculino, ou seja, em 136 pacientes (82,9%), dos quais apenas 11(8,1%) referiam prática homossexual. Entre 39 profissionais da saúde, 26 eram médicos, dos quais 12 (46,2%) cirurgiöes. O modo de transmissäo näo ficou definido em 55% dos casos, mas as transmissöes vertical e sexual foram também freqüentes. A gama-globulina comercial, usada profilaticamente foi provavelmente responsável por oito casos entre 1972 e 1975. Quanto aos tipos de HC foram mais freqüentes a HC ativa (HCA) (72 ou 43,9%) e a cirrose hepática (CH) (53 ou 32,3%). Observou-se predominância do AgHBe (66,4%) sobre o anti-HBe (33,6%) em todas as formas de HCB. A repetiçäo de biópsias em 31 pacientes mostrou que algumas formas leves como a HC lobular (HCL) e a HC persistente (HCP) podem evoluir para HCA. Por outro lado, a HCA tem maior tendência a progredir para CH, embora ocasionalmente apresente regressäo para HCP. No seguimento tardio dos 164 pacientes, 8 (4,9%) evoluíram para o hepatocarcinoma


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis B/pathology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis, Chronic/etiology , Liver Neoplasms/etiology , Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 31(2): 103-9, mar.-abr. 1989. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-102056

ABSTRACT

280 escolares de 6 a 14 anos de idade, residentes em Iguape, Vale do Ribeira, sudeste do estado de Säo Paulo, foram estudados com o objetivo de verificar possível associaçäo entre a prevalência de anticorpos para hepatite B e a exposiçäo a mosquitos hematófagos, avaliada indiretamente pela prevalência de anticorpos de arbovírus. As crianças eram originárias de 4 áreas com características topográficas e fitográficas diferentes: 89 residiam em área urbana, 89 em área periurbana, 30 em área de cultivo extensivo de banana e hotaliças e 72 em área florestal. Estudos prévios mostraram significante maior prevalência de anticorpos de arbovírus nas áreas cultivada e florestal do que nas áreas urbana e periurbana. A pesquisa de anti-HBs foi feita por radioimunoensaio (Ausab, Laboratório Abbott) e de anti-HBc por ensaio imunenzimático (Rocha). Observou-se que os escolares residentes na área florestal apresentaram mais alta prevalência (26/71 = 36.1%) de anticorpos para hepatite B de que os residentes nas áreas urbana (5/89 = 5.6%), periurbana (6/89 = 6.7%) e cultivada (0.30 = 0%). Os resultados sugerem a existência de fator comum na transmissäo de arboviroses e de hepatite B, apoiado a hipótese que nas regiöes tropicais com presença de mata moaquitos possam desmpenhar importante papel na transmissäo da hepatite B


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Arboviruses/immunology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Brazil , Culicidae/microbiology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Hepatitis B/transmission , Arbovirus Infections/transmission , Tropical Climate
19.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 29(6): 388-91, nov.-dez. 1987. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-48374

ABSTRACT

Um dos maiores problemas no desenvolvimento de metodologia para detecçäo de antígenos e anticorpos do vírus da hepatite delta (VHD) tem sido a fonte de antígenos uma vez que fígados humanos e de animais infectados pelo VHD säo de difícil obtençäo e baixo rendimento. Ao uso de soro de pacientes na fase aguda da infecçäo pelo VHD, como fonte de antígenos associamos a técnica imunoenzimática, com finalidade de facilitar o manuseio e economizar antígeno. O antígeno delta foi obtido a partir do soro de indivíduo na fase aguda de infecçäo por VHD e o anticorpo a partir de soro deportadores crônicos de VHD. Para a detecçäo do antígeno foi empregado o método "sanduiche" e para a detecçäo do anticorpo um ensaio tipo competiçäo. Visando testar a especificidade e a sensibilidade relativas do novo método de detecçäo de anticorpo, foram feitas comparaçöes do mesmo com radio-imunoensaio comercial (CRIE, Lab. Abbott) e um radio-imunoensaio desenvolvido na Unité 271-INSERM de Lyon, França (NC-RIA). Soros de 42 pacientes foram testados pelos três métodos, sendo observados resultados discrepantes em apenas 2 casos. Os autores concluem que: 1) soros de pacientes na fase aguda e crônica da infecçäo pelo VHD podem ser usados como fonte de antígeno e anticorpos em ensaios imunológicos 2) o EIE e o RIE tem especificidade e sensibilidade relativas comparáveis 3) o EIE é de fácil execuçäo, mais barato, näo poluente, tem vida útil maior, além de proporcionar economia de antígeno


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Hepatitis Delta Virus/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Radioimmunoassay
20.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-45062

ABSTRACT

Os autores investigam a possibilidade da transmissäo do virus da hepatite B (VHB) através do contacto com triatomíneos. Dez pacientes com diferentes formas clínicas da infecçäo pelo VHB foram submetidos a xenodiagnóstico e as fezes e hemolinfa dos triatomíneos analisados a intervalos de tempo para pesquisar o antígeno de superfície do vírus. A análise dos resultados revelam que o vírus tem apenas trânsito intestinal no invertebrado, que elimina o antígeno até 15 dias após o repasto sangüíneo e sempre em pequena quantidade. Embora barbeiros possam disseminar a infecçäo pelo VHB, este näo parece ser um mecanismo eficaz


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Surface/analysis , Hepatitis B/transmission , Triatominae , Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
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